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Native Eiffel Compiler for SUN/SPARC |
Written by Fridtjof Siebert.
fec.tar.gz (1,465,147 bytes)
FEC V0.03 -- Native Eiffel Compiler for SUN/SPARC. Copyright (C) 1997 Fridtjof Siebert.
EMail: fridi@gr.opengroup.org
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; Version 2.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
FEC is an Eiffel-Compiler for SUN/SPARC V8 running Solaris. It implements most of Eiffel V3 as defined in [Meyer92]. See below for the language features that haven't been implemented in this version.
FEC directly creates SPARC machine code and saves it as ELF object files.
To use FEC, the gnu C compiler gcc is required. The compiler is used only as a linker to create an executable program from the object files of an Eiffel System.
To install FEC, it is sufficient to unpack the archive file using:
> gzip -d fec0.03.tar.gz
> tar -xf fec0.03.tar
The archive contains the following files and directories:
fec/ The main directory fec/fec The executable of the compiler, compiled using fec fec/fecc The executable compiled using all runtime checks (use this compiler to track down a compiler crash) fec/std_lib/*.e Eiffel library classes fec/std_lib/fec_lib.c C-source for some basic routines used by the compiler. fec/obj/ This drawer is used to store the object files for classes compiled by FEC fec/obj/fec_lib.o Object file containing basic routines needed by every Eiffel System. This file was compiled using "gcc -c -o obj/fec_lib.o std_lib/fec_lib.c" fec/src/*.e Some example classes fec/elink This is a script file created by fec for every project. It can be used to link a system using gcc fec/fec_src/ The source of the compiler and environment-files for fec and fecc
To use the compiler, you should first change the current directory to the directory containing your project (this directory must contain the subdirectory "obj/"). To compile one of the given example programs, go to the fec directory:
> cd fec
The command FEC expects one argument that specifies the name of an environment file (a very simple LACE) describing your project. If such a file is not present, a default file is created by the compiler:
> fec hello
FEC -- Fridi's Eiffel Compiler V0.03 (29-Aug-97)
+ hello.env
Environment file created. Start FEC again to compile Eiffel System.
The second call of fec now compiles the example system with root class "HELLO.e":
> fec hello
FEC -- Fridi's Eiffel Compiler V0.03 (29-Aug-97)
- hello.env
- src/HELLO.e
- std_lib/ANY.e
- std_lib/GENERAL.e
- std_lib/LOW_LEVEL.e
- std_lib/POINTER.e
- std_lib/POINTER_REF.e
- std_lib/HASHABLE.e
- std_lib/INTEGER.e
- std_lib/INTEGER_REF.e
- std_lib/NUMERIC.e
- std_lib/COMPARABLE.e
- std_lib/BOOLEAN.e
- std_lib/BOOLEAN_REF.e
- std_lib/STRING.e
- std_lib/ARRAY.e
- std_lib/STD_FILES.e
- std_lib/CHARACTER.e
- std_lib/CHARACTER_REF.e
- std_lib/PLATFORM.e
- std_lib/DOUBLE.e
- std_lib/DOUBLE_REF.e
- std_lib/REAL.e
- std_lib/REAL_REF.e
- std_lib/FILE.e
compiling:
+ obj/hello.o
+ obj/any.o
+ obj/integer.o
+ obj/general.o
+ obj/r#integer.o
+ obj/integer_ref.o
+ obj/character.o
+ obj/pointer.o
+ obj/boolean.o
+ obj/double.o
+ obj/low_level.o
+ obj/string.o
+ obj/array[_ref].o
+ obj/std_files.o
+ obj/numeric.o
+ obj/hashable.o
+ obj/comparable.o
+ obj/x#platform.o
+ obj/r#character.o
+ obj/character_ref.o
+ obj/r#pointer.o
+ obj/pointer_ref.o
+ obj/r#boolean.o
+ obj/boolean_ref.o
+ obj/r#double.o
+ obj/double_ref.o
+ obj/real.o
+ obj/r#low_level.o
+ obj/file.o
+ obj/platform.o
+ obj/r#real.o
+ obj/real_ref.o
+ obj/main.o
+ elink
ok.
132276 Bytes machinencode created.
The compiler first searches for the source text files in the directories given in the environment file (see below). The file names for the source texts must be identical to their class names with an suffix ".e". The file names must be written using either only lower case or only upper case letters. The suffix ".e" must be in lower case.
The compiler reads all required source texts and checks their validity. If that was successful, it continues and creates object files for all classes involved in the system and stores them in the "obj/" folder (if this folder is missing, it will not be able to create those files). The object files have the names of their base classes, possibly with actual generic arguments, and the suffix ".o".
Finally, a main object file for the system is created and saved as "obj/main.o". To ease the linking process, a script-file "elink" is created. This must be executable (type "chmod 700 elink" if it isn't) and can now be used to link the compiled system to an executable program:
> elink
Note that linking only works if the object file "fec_lib.o" is present in the "obj/" subdirectory, so you have to copy this file from fec/obj/ if you are working in a different directory.
The name given in the environment file is used as name for the executable program. The default environment file uses the name of the root class in lower case letters, so we can start the example using
> hello
Environment files are used instead of command-line arguments to describe all information needed by the compiler to create a system, like names of the root-class, loading paths, required runtime checks, etc. Environment files are always written entirely in lower or upper case letters, and have the suffix ".env" in lower case.
The default environment file created above when compiling "HELLO.e" looks like this:
-- Eiffel project environment:
-- Root class for this system:
ROOT_CLASS hello
-- Root creation procedure:
ROOT_CREATION make
-- Checking Mode:
-- Set this to one of NONE, REFERENCE, REQUIRE, ENSURE,
-- INVARIANT, LOOP, ALL or DEBUG
CHECK ALL
-- Name of executable program to create:
EXECUTABLE hello
-- Load path to look for source texts:
LOADPATH
LOADPATH src/
LOADPATH std_lib/
-- Either "gcc" or "cc" may be used to link the system:
LINKER gcc
The format of the file is very simple: Lines are either empty, comments (preceded by --) or commands that begin with a keyword. The following commands may be specified:
NONE No code for runtime checks is created REFERENCE Reference variables are checked for Void when they are used REQUIRE Preconditions are checked ENSURE Postconditions are checked (currently not implemented) INVARIANT Class invariants are checked (currently not implemented) LOOP Loop (in-)variants are checked (currently not implemented) ALL Code for the CHECK-instructions is created DEBUG Code for the DEBUG-instructions is created
As documentation for the standard classes, please refer to their source texts as given in "std_lib/". The standard classes should conform to the standard given in [ELKS95]. Many features are currently not implemented (they are marked in the source text with "nyi", which stands for "not yet implemented"), many of the implemented features are not tested. So please use these classes with special care.
Since FILE.e is hardly tested and lacks the implementation of many features, this beta-version also includes modified versions of the file classes STD_FILE, STD_FILE_READ, STD_FILE_WRITE and STD_FILE_READ_WRITE of Dominique Colnet's Compiler SmallEiffel [Colnet97].
The compiler relies on some of the standard classes to be exactly as they are. Modification in those classes may lead to unpredictable behaviour.
The directory "src/" contains the source texts of several example classes. The root classes are:
As this compiler is very new and not sufficiently tested, it might still have a significant number of bugs. In case you think you have encountered a problem, I would be glad if you took the time to send me a detailed description of the problem, so that I can easily reproduce it myself. In most cases, the best way to report a problem is by sending me a minimal example source text that produces false behaviour by the compiler.
Before you report a problem to me, please check the not-yet-implemented list below. There is no point in reporting a problem I already know of, you would just waste your and my time.
Please send Bug reports via EMail to:
fridi@gr.opengroup.org
Subject: BUG: ...
Note that most of the features that are not implemented do not cause the compiler to create a warning message. Instead it just creates code that crashes.
Without the help of the following people, this project would not have been possible:
My thanks in advance go to anybody who goes through the trouble of using an early beta version of a compiler and for reporting any problem with it.
The following people and institutions tried hard not to be of any use in my project:
The IPVR at the Universitaet Stuttgart refused to allow me to use one of their (unused) ISE Eiffel licenses to bootstrap my compiler.
SPARC International makes it extra hard for any non-commercial developer to get detailed information on their processors, unless you register as a developer for 500 bucks a year... Have a look at IBM: They provide things like a very useful "The PowerPC Compiler Writer's Guide" that anybody can download for free.
Information on new versions will be posted in comp.lang.eiffel. If you do not read this newsgroup regularly, you can always find the latest public version of FEC at http://www.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/ifi/ps/siebert/fridi_eiffel.html
EMail: fridi@gr.opengroup.org
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